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This study is finalized and is now awaiting publication.
At this stage we cannot print the study in its entirety but we may explain how the study was conducted and by whom. Key findings are also shown here with the kind permission of Karolinska Intstitute.
Exploring Kinematics and Kinetics of Active and Passive Sitting in Healthy subjects
Wim Grooten, PhD, PT
Karolinska Institutet
Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society Division of Physiotherapy
Alfred Nobels Allé 23
141 76 Huddinge
Although the Swedish government state in their regulations that workers should have chairs with back support (“passive sitting”), there has recently been a paradigm shift towards the development of chairs that promote “active” sitting; i.e. sitting without back- or arm supports.
While heavy physical work was a major problem 20-40 years ago, studies show that prolonged sitting increases the risk for back pain and other health problems related to inactivity and high spinal load.
Introduction
This study is an evaluation of healthy subjects in “active” and “passive” sitting, by studying the kinematics, levels muscle activity, and kinetic variables during computer work.
Methods
The Elite system (eight opto-electronic cameras and one Kistler force platform with a sample frequency of 100 Hz) was used to collect kinematic and kinetic data together with surface electromyography for measuring muscle activity.
Key findings
GROUND REACTION FORCES: When BACK APP was adjusted to red zone, the movements of the CoM (centre of mass) were increased compared to all the other chairs and also compared to normal standing for the kinetic variables “CoP(centre of pressure) total displacement” and “CoP velocity”. See below a typical case

For healthy subjects performing a simulated keyboard task, this experiment showed that:
• Body posture (trunk and segment angles) and trunk muscular activity (surface EMG) on the BACK APP (stable and green zones) was similar to normal standing. Such results indicate low spinal loading.
• The body movements were slower and more controlled on the BACK APP (green zones) and normal standing compared to sitting on the saddle or office chair.
• The pelvis angle was backwardly rotated while sitting on an ordinary office chair, compared to normal standing and the other chairs
• The BACK APP chair adjusted to the red zone (training mode) increased the movements of the centre of pressure thus challenging the stabilization muscles of the trunk
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